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Google What Is the Name of the Ancient Chinese Art of Physical Work Out That Moves Very Slow

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Chinese system of coordinated posture and movement, breathing, and meditation

Qigong
World Tai Chi & Qigong Day event (Manhattan).jpg

Qigong practitioners at World Tai Chi and Qigong Day event in Manhattan.
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 氣功
Simplified Chinese 气功

Qigong (),[1] qi gong , chi kung , chi 'ung , or chi gung (simplified Chinese: 气功; traditional Chinese: 氣功; pinyin: qìgōng ; Wade–Giles: ch'i kung ; lit. 'life-energy cultivation') is a system of coordinated torso-posture and move, animate, and meditation[2] used for the purposes of health, spirituality, and martial-arts training.[3] With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is traditionally viewed by the Chinese and throughout Asia equally a practice to cultivate and residual qi (pronounced approximately equally "chi" or "chee"), translated every bit "life energy".[4]

Qigong practice typically involves moving meditation, coordinating tedious-flowing movement, deep rhythmic breathing, and a calm meditative state of mind. People practice qigong throughout China and worldwide for recreation, exercise, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, alternative medicine, meditation, cocky-tillage, and training for martial arts.[2]

Etymology [edit]

Qigong (Pinyin), ch'i kung (Wade-Giles), and chi gung (Yale) are Romanized words for two Chinese characters: qì ( 气 ／ 氣 ) and gōng ( 功 ).

Qi (or chi) primarily means air, gas or breath but is often translated every bit a metaphysical concept of 'vital energy',[4] referring to a supposed energy circulating through the body; though a more general definition is universal energy, including heat, low-cal, and electromagnetic free energy;[5] and definitions often involve jiff, air, gas, or the relationship between matter, energy, and spirit.[6] Qi is the cardinal underlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts. Gong (or kung) is ofttimes translated equally cultivation or piece of work, and definitions include do, skill, mastery, merit, achievement, service, result, or accomplishment, and is often used to mean gongfu (kung fu) in the traditional sense of accomplishment through not bad effort.[7] The ii words are combined to describe systems to cultivate and residual life energy, especially for health and wellbeing.[iv]

The term qigong as currently used was promoted in the tardily 1940s through the 1950s to refer to a broad range of Chinese self-cultivation exercises, and to emphasize health and scientific approaches, while de-emphasizing spiritual practices, mysticism, and elite lineages.[8] [9] [10]

History and origins [edit]

The concrete exercise chart; a painting on silk depicting the practice of Qigong Taiji; unearthed in 1973 in Hunan Province, China, from the 2nd-century BC Western Han burial site of Mawangdui Han tombs site, Tomb Number three.

With roots in ancient Chinese culture dating dorsum more than 4,000 years,[ citation needed ] a wide variety of qigong forms have developed within dissimilar segments of Chinese society:[11] in traditional Chinese medicine for preventive and curative functions;[12] in Confucianism to promote longevity and amend moral character;[four] in Daoism and Buddhism as part of meditative practice;[13] and in Chinese martial arts to enhance cocky defending abilities.[9] [14] Contemporary qigong blends diverse and sometimes disparate traditions, in detail the Daoist meditative do of "internal alchemy" (Neidan 內丹術 ), the ancient meditative practices of "circulating qi" (Xing qi 行氣 ) and "standing meditation" (Zhan zhuang 站桩 ), and the tedious gymnastic breathing do of "guiding and pulling" (Dao yin 導引 ). Traditionally, qigong was taught by master to students through grooming and oral transmission, with an emphasis on meditative exercise past scholars and gymnastic or dynamic practise by the working masses.[fifteen]

Starting in the late 1940s and the 1950s, the mainland Chinese government tried to integrate disparate qigong approaches into one coherent system, with the intention of establishing a firm scientific basis for qigong practice. In 1949, Liu Guizhen established the name "Qigong" to refer to the system of life-preserving practices that he and his associates developed, based on Dao yin and other philosophical traditions.[16] This attempt is considered by some sinologists as the beginning of the mod or scientific estimation of qigong.[17] [18] [19] During the Great Spring Frontward (1958–1963) and the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), qigong, along with other traditional Chinese medicine, was under tight control with limited access among the general public, merely was encouraged in state-run rehabilitation centers and spread to universities and hospitals. After the Cultural Revolution, qigong, forth with t'ai chi, was popularized as daily morning practise skilful en masse throughout Mainland china.

Popularity of qigong grew rapidly during the Deng and Jiang eras after Mao Zedong'due south death in 1976 through the 1990s, with estimates of between 60 and 200 million practitioners throughout Mainland china. Along with popularity and land sanction came controversy and problems: claims of boggling abilities adjoining on the supernatural, pseudoscience explanations to build credibility,[twenty] a mental condition labeled qigong difference,[xix] formation of cults, and exaggeration of claims past masters for personal benefit.[eight] [21] In 1985, the state-run National Qigong Science and Research Arrangement was established to regulate the nation's qigong denominations.[22] In 1999, in response to widespread revival of old traditions of spirituality, morality, and mysticism, and perceived challenges to State control, the Chinese regime took measures to enforce control of public qigong practise, including shutting downward qigong clinics and hospitals, and banning groups such every bit Zhong Gong and Falun Gong.[x] : 161–174 [23] Since the 1999 crackdown, qigong research and practice have only been officially supported in the context of health and traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese Wellness Qigong Association, established in 2000, strictly regulates public qigong do, with limitation of public gatherings, requirement of state approved grooming and certification of instructors, and restriction of practice to state-approved forms.[24] [25]

Through the forces of migration of the Chinese diaspora, tourism in China, and globalization, the practise of qigong spread from the Chinese community to the world. Today, millions of people around the world practice qigong and believe in the benefits of qigong to varying degrees. Similar to its historical origin, those interested in qigong come from diverse backgrounds and practice information technology for different reasons, including for recreation, practice, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, alternative medicine, self-tillage, meditation, spirituality, and martial arts grooming.

Overview [edit]

Practices [edit]

Qigong comprises a diverse set up of practices that coordinate trunk ( 調身 ), breath ( 調息 ), and listen ( 調心 ) based on Chinese philosophy.[26] [27] Practices include moving and still meditation, massage, chanting, sound meditation, and not-contact treatments, performed in a broad array of body postures. Qigong is unremarkably classified into 2 foundational categories: i) dynamic or active qigong (dong gong), with slow flowing movement; and two) meditative or passive qigong (jing gong), with still positions and inner movement of the breath.[28] : 21770–21772 From a therapeutic perspective, qigong can be classified into ii systems: 1) internal qigong, which focuses on self-care and self-cultivation, and; 2) external qigong, which involves handling past a therapist who directs or transmits qi.[28] : 21777–21781

As moving meditation, qigong practice typically coordinates slow stylized motility, deep diaphragmatic breathing, and calm mental focus, with visualization of guiding qi through the body. While implementation details vary, more often than not qigong forms can exist characterized as a mix of four types of practice: dynamic, static, meditative, and activities requiring external aids.

  • Dynamic practice
involves fluid motion, usually carefully choreographed, coordinated with breath and awareness. Examples include the slow stylized movements of T'ai chi ch'uan, Baguazhang, and Xing Yi Quan.[29] Other examples include graceful movement that mimics the motion of animals in V Animals (Wu Qin Eleven qigong),[30] [ cocky-published source? ] White Crane,[31] and Wild Goose (Dayan) Qigong.[32] [33] As a class of gentle practice, qigong is composed of movements that are typically repeated, strengthening and stretching the trunk, increasing fluid movement (blood, synovial, and lymph), enhancing residuum and proprioception, and improving the awareness of how the body moves through space.[34]
  • Static practice
involves property postures for sustained periods of time.[35] In some cases this bears resemblance to the practice of Yoga and its continuation in the Buddhist tradition.[36] For example Yiquan, a Chinese martial fine art derived from xingyiquan, emphasizes static stance training.[37] In some other example, the healing form 8 Pieces of Brocade (Baduanjin qigong) is based on a series of static postures.[38]
  • Meditative practice
utilizes breath awareness, visualization, mantra, chanting, sound, and focus on philosophical concepts such as qi circulation, aesthetics, or moral values.[39] In traditional Chinese medicine and Daoist practice, the meditative focus is commonly on cultivating qi in dantian energy centers and balancing qi period in meridian and other pathways. In various Buddhist traditions, the aim is to notwithstanding the mind, either through outward focus, for case on a place, or through inward focus on the breath, a mantra, a koan, emptiness, or the idea of the eternal. In the Confucius scholar tradition, meditation is focused on humanity and virtue, with the aim of cocky-enlightenment.[xi]
  • Use of external agents
Many systems of qigong practice include the use of external agents such every bit ingestion of herbs, massage, physical manipulation, or interaction with other living organisms.[13] For example, specialized food and drinks are used in some medical and Daoist forms, whereas massage and body manipulation are sometimes used in martial arts forms. In some medical systems a qigong master uses not-contact handling, purportedly guiding qi through his or her ain body into the body of another person.[forty]

Forms [edit]

There are numerous qigong forms. 75 ancient forms that can be found in ancient literature and also 56 common or gimmicky forms have been described in a qigong compendium.[41] : 203–433 The list is past no ways exhaustive. Many contemporary forms were developed by people who had recovered from their affliction after qigong practise.

Most of the qigong forms come under the following categories:[ citation needed ]

  1. Medical qigong
  2. Martial qigong
  3. Spiritual qigong
  4. Intellectual qigong
  5. Life nourishing qigong

Evolution of "health qigong" [edit]

In 1995, there was Qigong Talent Bank, an organization of Science Research of Chinese Qigong, performance as network system of the senior Chinese qigong talents in People's republic of china. In order to promote qigong exercises in a standardised and effective manner with a scientific approach, The Chinese Health Qigong Association (CHQA) appointed panels of Qigong experts, Chinese medicine doctors and sport science professors from different hospitals, universities and qigong lineage across China to inquiry and develop new sets of qigong exercises. In 2003 the CHQA officially promoted a new system called "health qigong", which consisted of four newly developed health qigong forms:

  • Health Qigong Muscle-Tendon Change Classic (Wellness Qigong Yì Jīn Jīng 易筋經 ).
  • Health Qigong 5 Animals Frolics (Wellness qigong Wu Qin Xi 五禽戲 ).
  • Health Qigong Six Healing Sounds (Health Qigong Liu Zi Jue 六字訣 ).
  • Health Qigong Eight Pieces of Brocade (Health Qigong Ba Duan Jin 八段錦 ).

In 2010, the Chinese Health Qigong Association officially introduced five additional wellness qigong forms:[42]

  • Health Qigong Tai Chi Yang Sheng Zhang ( 太極養生杖 ): a tai chi class from the stick tradition.
  • Wellness Qigong Shi Er Duan Jin ( 十二段錦 ): seated exercises to strengthen the cervix, shoulders, waist, and legs.
  • Health Qigong Daoyin Yang Sheng Gong Shi Er Fa ( 導引養生功十二法 ): 12 routines from Daoyin tradition of guiding and pulling qi.
  • Health Qigong Mawangdui Daoyin ( 馬王堆導引术 ): guiding qi along the meridians with synchronous movement and sensation.
  • Health Qigong Da Wu ( 大舞 ): choreographed exercises to lubricate joints and guide qi.

Other ordinarily practised qigong styles and forms include:

  • Soaring Crane Qigong[43]
  • Wisdom Healing Qigong[44]
  • Pan Gu Mystical Qigong[45]
  • Wild Goose (Dayan) Qigong[46]
  • Dragon and Tiger Qigong[47]
  • Primordial Qigong (Wujigong)[48] [49]
  • Chilel Qigong[fifty]
  • Phoenix Qigong[51]
  • Yuan Qigong[52]
  • Zhong Yuan Qigong[53]

Techniques [edit]

Whether viewed from the perspective of practice, health, philosophy, or martial arts training, several main principles emerge concerning the exercise of qigong:[4] [34] [54] [55]

  • Intentional movement: careful, flowing balanced manner
  • Rhythmic breathing: tedious, deep, coordinated with fluid movement
  • Awareness: calm, focused meditative state
  • Visualization: of qi flow, philosophical tenets, aesthetics
  • Chanting/Sound: use of audio as a focal point

Additional principles:

  • Softness: soft gaze, expressionless face
  • Solid Stance: firm basis, erect spine
  • Relaxation: relaxed muscles, slightly aptitude joints
  • Residual and Weigh: movement over the center of gravity

Avant-garde goals:

  • Equanimity: more fluid, more relaxed
  • Tranquility: empty listen, high awareness
  • Stillness: smaller and smaller movements, eventually to consummate stillness

The almost advanced do is generally considered to exist with little or no motility.

Traditional and classical theory [edit]

Main commodity: Qi

Qigong practitioners in Brazil

Over fourth dimension, v distinct traditions or schools of qigong developed in China, each with its ain theories and characteristics: Chinese Medical Qigong, Daoist Qigong, Buddhist Qigong, Confucian Qigong, and Martial Qigong.[56] : xxx–fourscore All of these qigong traditions include practices intended to cultivate and rest qi.[xi] [57] [58] [59]

Traditional Chinese medicine [edit]

The theories of ancient Chinese qigong include the Yin-Yang and Five Phases Theory, Essence-Qi-Spirit Theory, Zang-Xiang Theory, and Meridians and Qi-Blood Theory, which have been synthesized as role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).[56] : 45–57 TCM focuses on tracing and correcting underlying disharmony, in terms of deficiency and excess, using the complementary and opposing forces of yin and yang ( 陰陽 ), to create a balanced flow of qi. Qi is believed to be cultivated and stored in 3 chief dantian free energy centers and to travel through the body along twelve main meridians (Jīng Luò 經絡 ), with numerous smaller branches and tributaries. The main meridians correspond to twelve main organs ) (Zàng fǔ 臟腑 ). Qi is balanced in terms of yin and yang in the context of the traditional system of Five Phases (Wu xing 五行 ).[eleven] [12] A person is believed to go ill or dice when qi becomes diminished or unbalanced. Health is believed to exist returned by rebuilding qi, eliminating qi blockages, and correcting qi imbalances. These TCM concepts do not translate readily to modern science and medicine.

Daoism [edit]

In Daoism, various practices now known as Daoist qigong are claimed to provide a way to reach longevity and spiritual enlightenment,[60] equally well as a closer connection with the natural globe.[61]

Buddhism [edit]

In Buddhism meditative practices now known as Buddhist qigong are part of a spiritual path that leads to spiritual enlightenment or Buddhahood.[62]

Confucianism [edit]

In Confucianism practices now known equally Confucian qigong provide a means to become a Junzi ( 君子 ) through awareness of morality.[63] [64]

Contemporary qigong [edit]

In gimmicky China, the emphasis of qigong do has shifted abroad from traditional philosophy, spiritual attainment, and sociology, and increasingly to health benefits, traditional medicine and martial arts applications, and a scientific perspective.[8] [10] Qigong is now practiced by millions worldwide, primarily for its wellness benefits, though many practitioners have also adopted traditional philosophical, medical, or martial arts perspectives, and even use the long history of qigong as testify of its effectiveness.[xi] [54]

Contemporary Chinese medical qigong [edit]

Qigong has been recognized every bit a "standard medical technique" in China since 1989, and is sometimes included in the medical curriculum of major universities in China.[65] : 34 The 2013 English translation of the official Chinese Medical Qigong textbook used in Prc[56] : 4, 385 defines CMQ as "the skill of torso-mind do that integrates body, jiff, and mind adjustments into one" and emphasizes that qigong is based on "adjustment" (tiao 調 , also translated as "regulation", "tuning", or "alignment") of body, breath, and mind.[56] : 16–18 Equally such, qigong is viewed by practitioners equally existence more than common physical exercise, considering qigong combines postural, breathing, and mental training in one to produce a detail psychophysiological country of beingness.[56] : fifteen While CMQ is still based on traditional and classical theory, modernistic practitioners also emphasize the importance of a strong scientific basis.[56] : 81–89 According to the 2013 CMQ textbook, physiological effects of qigong are numerous, and include improvement of respiratory and cardiovascular function, and mayhap neurophysiological part.[56] : 89–102

Conventional medicine [edit]

Especially since the 1990s, conventional or mainstream Western medicine often strives to heed the model of evidence-based medicine, EBM, which demotes medical theory, clinical experience, and physiological information to prioritize the results of controlled, and especially randomized, clinical trials of the handling itself.[66] [67] Although some clinical trials support qigong's effectiveness in treating atmospheric condition diagnosed in Western medicine, the quality of these studies is mostly low and, overall, their results are mixed.[68]

Integrative, complementary, and alternative medicine [edit]

Integrative medicine (IM) refers to "the blending of conventional and complementary medicines and therapies with the aim of using the almost advisable of either or both modalities to care for the patient every bit a whole",[69] : 455–456 whereas complementary is using a non-mainstream arroyo together with conventional medicine, while culling is using a non-mainstream arroyo in identify of conventional medicine.[70] Qigong is used by integrative medicine practitioners to complement conventional medical treatment, based on complementary and alternative medicine interpretations of the effectiveness and safe of qigong.[28] : 22278–22306

Scientific basis [edit]

Scientists interested in qigong have sought to describe or verify the furnishings of qigong, to explore mechanisms of furnishings, to form scientific theory with respect to qigong, and to identify appropriate enquiry methodology for further study.[56] : 81–89 In terms of traditional theory, the existence of qi has not been independently verified in an experimental setting.[71] In any case, some researches have reported effects on pathophysiological parameters of biomedical interest.[72] [73]

Practitioners, uses and cautions [edit]

Recreation and pop use [edit]

People practice qigong for many different reasons, including for recreation, exercise and relaxation, preventive medicine and self-healing, meditation and self-cultivation, and training for martial arts. Practitioners range from athletes to people with disabilities. Considering information technology is low impact and tin be washed lying, sitting, or standing, qigong is attainable for people with disabilities, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.[four]

Therapeutic use [edit]

Therapeutic utilize of qigong is directed by TCM, CAM, integrative medicine, and other health practitioners. In China, where it is considered a "standard medical technique",[65] : 34 [ amend source needed ] qigong is unremarkably[ commendation needed ] prescribed to treat a wide multifariousness of conditions, and clinical applications include hypertension, coronary artery affliction, peptic ulcers, chronic liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, menopause syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, indisposition, tumors and cancer, lower dorsum and leg hurting, cervical spondylosis, and myopia.[56] : 261–391 Exterior Red china qigong is used in integrative medicine to complement or supplement accepted medical treatments, including for relaxation, fitness, rehabilitation, and treatment of specific conditions.[69] [74] All the same, there is no high-quality evidence that qigong is actually effective for these weather.[75] Based on systematic reviews of clinical research, in that location is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of using qigong as a therapy for whatever medical condition.[ii] [68]

Safety and price [edit]

Qigong is more often than not viewed every bit safety.[76] No adverse effects have been observed in clinical trials, such that qigong is considered condom for use across diverse populations. Toll for cocky-intendance is minimal, and cost efficiencies are high for group delivered care.[73] Typically the cautions associated with qigong are the same every bit those associated with any physical activity, including risk of muscle strains or sprains, advisability of stretching to prevent injury, general safety for use aslope conventional medical treatments, and consulting with a physician when combining with conventional treatment.[2] [77]

Clinical research [edit]

Overview [edit]

Although there is ongoing clinical research examining the potential health effects of qigong, there is picayune financial or medical incentive to support high-quality research, and withal only a express number of studies meet accepted medical and scientific standards of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).[2] [73] Clinical research concerning qigong has been conducted for a wide range of medical weather, including os density, cardiopulmonary effects, physical function, falls and related risk factors, quality of life, immune function, inflammation,[73] hypertension,[75] pain,[78] and cancer treatment.[2] [79]

Systematic reviews [edit]

A 2009 systematic review on the outcome of qigong exercises on reducing pain concluded that "the existing trial show is not convincing enough to suggest that internal qigong is an effective modality for pain direction."[78]

A 2010 systematic review of the result of qigong exercises on cancer treatment concluded "the effectiveness of qigong in cancer care is not nonetheless supported past the evidence from rigorous clinical trials."[79] A dissever systematic review that looked at the effects of qigong exercises on various physiological or psychological outcomes found that the bachelor studies were poorly designed, with a high hazard of bias in the results. Therefore, the authors concluded, "Due to limited number of RCTs in the field and methodological problems and loftier risk of bias in the included studies, it is still too early to reach a conclusion most the efficacy and the effectiveness of qigong practise as a form of wellness practice adopted past the cancer patients during their curative, palliative, and rehabilitative phases of the cancer journeying."[80]

A 2011 overview of systematic reviews of controlled clinical trials, Lee et al. concluded that "the effectiveness of qigong is based more often than not on poor quality enquiry" and "therefore, it would be unwise to draw firm conclusions at this stage."[68] Although a 2010 comprehensive literature review found 77 peer-reviewed RCTs,[73] Lee et al.'southward overview of systematic reviews equally to particular health conditions plant bug like sample size, lack of proper control groups, with lack of blinding associated with loftier risk of bias.[68]

A 2015 systematic review of the effect of qigong exercises on cardiovascular diseases and hypertension establish no conclusive show for effect.[75] Besides in 2015, a systemic review into the effects on hypertension suggested that it may be constructive, but that the show was not conclusive considering of the poor quality of the trials it included, and brash more rigorous research in the hereafter.[81] Another 2015 systematic review of qigong on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease concluded that some trials showed favorable effects, simply concludes, "Nigh of the trials included in this review are likely to exist at high risk of bias, and so we have very depression conviction in the validity of the results.[75]

Mental health [edit]

Many claims have been made that qigong can benefit or meliorate mental health conditions,[73] including improved mood, decreased stress reaction, and decreased anxiety and depression. Most medical studies have only examined psychological factors equally secondary goals, although various studies have shown decreases in cortisol levels, a chemical hormone produced by the body in response to stress.[73]

Prc [edit]

Basic and clinical enquiry in People's republic of china during the 1980s was mostly descriptive, and few results were reported in peer-reviewed English-language journals.[28] : , 22060–22063 Qigong became known outside China in the 1990s, and clinical randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of qigong on health and mental conditions began to be published worldwide, along with systematic reviews.[28] : 21792–21798

Challenges [edit]

Most existing clinical trials have small sample sizes and many have inadequate controls. Of detail business organisation is the impracticality of double blinding using appropriate sham treatments, and the difficulty of placebo control, such that benefits often cannot exist distinguished from the placebo consequence.[28] : 22278–22306 [82] Also of business organisation is the pick of which qigong form to use and how to standardize the handling or amount with respect to the skill of the practitioner leading or administering treatment, the tradition of individualization of treatments, and the handling length, intensity, and frequency.[28] : 6869–6920, 22361–22370

Meditation and self-tillage applications [edit]

Qigong is proficient for meditation and self-cultivation as part of various philosophical and spiritual traditions. As meditation, qigong is a means to all the same the listen and enter a state of consciousness that brings repose, clarity, and bliss.[thirteen] Many practitioners find qigong, with its gentle focused movement, to exist more accessible than seated meditation.[54]

Qigong for cocky-cultivation tin can be classified in terms of traditional Chinese philosophy: Daoist, Buddhist, and Confucian.

Martial arts applications [edit]

The exercise of qigong is an important component in both internal and external manner Chinese martial arts.[xiii] Focus on qi is considered to be a source of power likewise as the foundation of the internal manner of martial arts (Neijia). T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Xing Yi Quan, and Baguazhang are representative of the types of Chinese martial arts that rely on the concept of qi as the foundation.[83] Extraordinary feats of martial arts prowess, such as the power to withstand heavy strikes (Iron Shirt, 鐵衫 )[84] and the ability to pause difficult objects (Iron Palm, 鐵掌 )[85] [86] are abilities attributed to qigong training.

T'ai Chi Ch'uan and qigong [edit]

T'ai Chi Ch'uan (Taijiquan) is a widely adept Chinese internal martial style based on the theory of taiji, closely associated with qigong, and typically involving more complex choreographed movement coordinated with breath, done slowly for health and training, or quickly for self-defence. Many scholars consider t'ai chi ch'uan to be a type of qigong, traced back to an origin in the seventeenth century. In modern exercise, qigong typically focuses more than on health and meditation rather than martial applications, and plays an important role in training for t'ai chi ch'uan, in particular used to build strength, develop breath control, and increase vitality ("life energy").[29] [87]

See also [edit]

  • Yoga
  • International Day of Yoga
  • Asahi Health
  • Hua Tuo
  • Wushu
  • Kung fu
  • Jing (TCM)
  • Physiotherapy
  • Heed-body problem
  • Neidan
  • Neigong
  • Paidagong
  • Silk reeling
  • Tao Yin
  • Taoist sexual practices
  • Therapeutic nihilism
  • World Tai Chi and Qigong Solar day
  • Zhong Gong
  • Zhan Zhuang

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

grahamtyrdeed1949.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong

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